The Future of Smart Cities: Cyber-physical Infrastructure Risk

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چکیده

The Department of Homeland Security's Office of Cyber and Infrastructure Analysis (DHS/OCIA) produces Infrastructure Risk Assessments to provide an assessment of emerging risks to critical infrastructure. As technology pervades into our everyday lives, once simple devices have become smarter and more interconnected to the world around us. This technology is transforming our cities into what are now referred to as " Smart-Cities ". Smart Cities have been defined as urban centers that integrate cyber-physical technologies and infrastructure to create environmental and economic efficiency while improving the overall quality of life. 3 The goal of these new cities is to create a higher quality of life, a more mobile life and an overall increased efficient use of available resources. Some examples of Smart-City technologies are interconnected power grids reducing power waste, smarter transportation resulting in increased traffic management, and smarter infrastructures that reduce hazards and increase efficiency. This interconnectedness of devices introduces cyber-physical technologies that connect cyber systems to physical systems, thereby removing the barrier between the cyber and physical worlds. Some cyber-physical systems are integrated at the design stage unlike more traditional legacy systems; a full-fledged cyber-physical system is typically designed as a network of interacting elements with physical input and output instead of as standalone devices. Smart City, in everyday use, is inclusive of terms such as 'digital city' or 'connected cities'. Cyber-physical innovations feature prominently in Smart Cities, particularly as cyber-physical technologies are increasingly added to existing infrastructure and built into newly constructed infrastructure. Removing the cyber-physical barriers in an urban environment presents a host of opportunities for increased efficiencies and greater convenience, but the greater connectivity also expands the potential attack surface for malicious actors. In addition to physical incidents creating physical consequences, exploited cyber vulnerabilities can result in physical consequences, as well. The vulnerabilities and attack classes (such as distributed denial of service, malware, and phishing attacks) to most logical technologies such as computers and servers have been researched over the decades and years and are well understood by security researchers. Although the specifics of the attacks and potential consequences can vary with each type of attack the basic structures and general mitigations for these attacks are known. The same can be said of the vulnerabilities and mitigation factors for physical infrastructure. However, with the introduction of Smart Cities and cyber-physical innovations the vulnerabilities, resulting mitigating factors, and potential consequences for these new technologies are still …

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تاریخ انتشار 2015